Reports from Samarkand, Uzbekistan about the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) meeting held from 24 November – 5 December 2025 indicate that Botswana achieved a significant milestone in wildlife management. There was a unanimous decision at the 20th Conference of the Parties (CoP20) of the CITES where delegates endorsed Botswana’s proposal to harmonize the conditions governing trade in live African Savannah Elephants.
The landmark decision allows regulated trade in hunting trophies, live elephants destined for appropriate and acceptable facilities, hides, hair, and leather products. The proposal marks a critical step in aligning conservation priorities with sustainable use practices, offering a framework that balances ecological protection with socio-economic benefits for local communities.
Botswana’s proposal was rooted in robust scientific research and guided by expert recommendations. Botswana was recognised for promoting controlled and regulated trade and this could support conservation goals while ensuring the welfare of elephant populations. By integrating international best practices and emphasizing transparency, Botswana made a persuasive case that sustainable utilization can coexist with strict species protection measures.
The success of the proposal was also a reflection of strong regional solidarity. The African Group of Negotiators on Wildlife played a central role in uniting the continent’s position, advocating for African nations’ sovereign rights to manage and benefit from their wildlife resources responsibly.
This unity reinforced Botswana’s argument and demonstrated a coordinated continental approach to wildlife conservation, strengthening Africa’s voice in global environmental governance. Supporters of the decision argue that regulated trade can provide much-needed resources for anti-poaching efforts, habitat management, and community development programmes. By allowing controlled use of elephant products, country like Botswana can generate funding that contributes directly to conservation strategies, benefiting both wildlife and people living alongside these iconic species.
